Jeremiah - Outline

Babylon Attacks Judah - Jeremiah 37-39

Zedekiah incurred Babylon's wrath in allying with Egypt (Jeremiah 37:5) and not surrendering as God told him through Jeremiah (Jeremiah 38:17). Nebuchadnezzar attacked Judah for the third and final time, moving systematically until all the cities fell. Jerusalem withstood siege for several months but was burned, as Jeremiah predicted (Jeremiah 39). 

Jeremiah, Book of

Consists of twenty-three separate and independent sections, arranged in five books.

1. The introduction, ch. 1

2. Reproofs of the sins of the Jews, consisting of seven sections,

a. ch. 2
b. ch. 3-6
c. ch. 7-10
d. ch. 11-13
e. ch. 14-17:18.
f. ch. 17:19-ch. 20
g. ch. 21-24

3. A general review of all nations, in two sections,

a. ch. 46-49

b. ch. 25 with an historical appendix of three sections,

1. ch. 26
2. ch. 27
3. ch. 28,29

4. Two sections picturing the hopes of better times,

a. ch. 30,31

b. ch. 32,33 to which is added an historical appendix in three sections,

1. ch. 34:1-7.
2. ch. 34:8-22.
3. ch. 35

5. The conclusion, in two sections,

a. ch. 36
b. ch. 45

In Egypt, after an interval, Jeremiah is supposed to have added three sections, viz., ch. 37-39 40-43 and 44. The principal Messianic prophecies are found in #Jer 23:1-8 31:31-40 33:14-26 Jeremiah’s prophecies are noted for the frequent repetitions found in them of the same words and phrases and imagery. They cover the period of about 30 years. They are not recorded in the order of time. When and under what circumstances this book assumed its present form we know not. The LXX. Version of this book is, in its arrangement and in other particulars, singularly at variance with the original. The LXX. omits #Jer 10:6-8 27:19-22 29:16-20 33:14-26 39:4-13 52:2,3,15,28-30 etc. About 2,700 words in all of the original are omitted. These omissions, etc., are capricious and arbitrary, and render the version unreliable.

 

Jeremiah

Raised up or appointed by Jehovah.

1. A Gadite who joined David in the wilderness #1Ch 12:10

2. A Gadite warrior #1Ch 12:13

3. A Benjamite slinger who joined David at Ziklag #1Ch 12:4

4. One of the chiefs of the tribe of Manasseh on the east of Jordan #1Ch 5:24

5. The father of Hamutal #2Ki 23:31 the wife of Josiah.

6. One of the "greater prophets" of the Old Testament, son of Hilkiah (q.v.), a priest of Anathoth #Jer 1:1 32:6 He was called to the prophetical office when still young #Jer 1:6 in the thirteenth year of Josiah (B.C. 628) He left his native place, and went to reside in Jerusalem, where he greatly assisted Josiah in his work of reformation #2Ki 23:1-25 The death of this pious king was bewailed by the prophet as a national calamity #2Ch 35:25 During the three years of the reign of Jehoahaz we find no reference to Jeremiah, but in the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the enmity of the people against him broke out in bitter persecution, and he was placed apparently under restraint #Jer 36:5 In the fourth year of Jehoiakim he was commanded to write the predictions given to him, and to read them to the people on the fast-day. This was done by Baruch his servant in his stead, and produced much public excitement. The roll was read to the king. In his recklessness he seized the roll, and cut it to pieces, and cast it into the fire, and ordered both Baruch and Jeremiah to be apprehended. Jeremiah procured another roll, and wrote in it the words of the roll the king had destroyed, and "many like words" besides #Jer 36:32 He remained in Jerusalem, uttering from time to time his words of warning, but without effect. He was there when Nebuchadnezzar besieged the city #Jer 37:4,5 B.C. 589. The rumour of the approach of the Egyptians to aid the Jews in this crisis induced the Chaldeans to withdraw and return to their own land. This, however, was only for a time. The prophet, in answer to his prayer, received a message from God announcing that the Chaldeans would come again and take the city, and burn it with fire #Jer 37:7,8 The princes, in their anger at such a message by Jeremiah, cast him into prison #Jer 37:15-38:13 He was still in confinement when the city was taken (B.C. 588) The Chaldeans released him, and showed him great kindness, allowing him to choose the place of his residence. He accordingly went to Mizpah with Gedaliah, who had been made governor of Judea. Johanan succeeded Gedaliah, and refusing to listen to Jeremiah’s counsels, went down into Egypt, taking Jeremiah and Baruch with him #Jer 43:6 There probably the prophet spent the remainder of his life, in vain seeking still to turn the people to the Lord, from whom they had so long revolted #Jer 44:1-30. He lived till the reign of Evil-Merodach, son of Nebuchadnezzar, and must have been about ninety years of age at his death. We have no authentic record of his death. He may have died at Tahpanhes, or, according to a tradition, may have gone to Babylon with the army of Nebuchadnezzar; but of this there is nothing certain.

 

Jeremiah - Outline:

I. God's judgment on Judah (1:1-45:5)
   A. The call of Jeremiah (1:1-19)
   B. Jeremiah condemns Judah for her sins (2:1-10:25)

       1. Israel forsakes God (2:1-3:5)
       2. Unfaithful Israel (3:6-4:4)
       3. Disaster from the north (4:5-31)
       4. Not one is upright (5:1-31)
       5. Jerusalem under siege (6:1-30)
       6. False religion worthless (7:1-29)
       7. The valley of slaughter (7:30-8:3)
       8. Sin and punishment (8:4-9:26)
       9. God and idols (10:1-16)
       10. Coming destruction (10:17-22)
       11. Jeremiah's prayer (10:23-25)
   C. Jeremiah prophesies destruction (11:1-20:18)
       1. The covenant is broken (11:1-17)
       2. Plot against Jeremiah (11:18-23)
       3. Jeremiah's complaint (12:1-4)
       4. God's answer (12:5-17)
       5. A linen belt (13:1-11)
       6. Wineskins (13:12-14)
       7. Threat of captivity (13:15-27)
       8. Drought, famine, sword (14:1-15:21)
       9. Day of disaster (16:1-17:18)
       10. Keeping the Sabbath holy (17:19-27)
       11. At the potter's house (18:1-19:15)
       12. Jeremiah and Pashhur (20:1-6)
       13. Jeremiah's complaint (20:7-18)
   D. Jeremiah accuses Judah's leaders (21:1-29:32)
       1. God rejects Zedekiah's request (21:1-14)
       2. Judgment against evil kings (22:1-30)
       3. The righteous branch (23:1-8)
       4. Lying prophets (23:9-32)
       5. False oracles and false prophets (23:33-40)
       6. Two baskets of figs (24:1-10)
       7. Seventy years of captivity (25:1-14)
       8. The cup of God's wrath (25:15-38)
       9. Jeremiah threatened with death (26:1-24)
       10. Judah to serve Nebuchadnezzar (27:1-22)
       11. The false prophet Hananiah (28:1-17)
       12. A letter to the exiles (29:1-23)
       13. Message to Shemaiah (29:24-32)
   E. Restoration is promised (30:1-33:26)
       1. Restoration of Israel (30:1-31:40)
       2. Jeremiah buys a field (32:1-44)
       3. Promise of restoration (33:1-26)
   F. God's promised judgment arrives (34:1-45:5)
       1. Warning to Zedekiah (34:1-7)
       2. Freedom for slaves (34:8-22)
       3. The Recabites (35:1-19)
       4. Jehoiakim burns Jeremiah's scroll (36:1-32)
       5. Jeremiah in prison (37:1-21)
       6. Jeremiah thrown into a cistern (38:1-13)
       7. Zedekiah questions Jeremiah again (38:14-28)
       8. The fall of Jerusalem (39:1-18)
       9. Jeremiah freed (40:1-6)
       10. Gedaliah assassinated (40:7-41:15)
       11. Flight to Egypt (41:16-43:13)
       12. Disaster because of idolatry (44:1-30)
       13. A message to Baruch (45:1-5)

II. God's judgment on the nations (46:1-52:34)
   A. Prophecies about foreign nations (46:1-51:64)
       1. A message about Egypt (46:1-28)
       2. A message about the Philistines (47:1-7)
       3. A message about Moab (48:1-47)
       4. A message about Ammon (49:1-6)
       5. A message about Edom (49:7-22)
       6. A message about Damascus (49:23-27)
       7. A message about Kedar and Hazor (49:28-33)
       8. A message about Elam (49:34-39)
       9. A message about Babylon (50:1-51:64)
   B. The fall of Jerusalem (52:1-34)
       1. Jehoiachin released (52:31-34)

-- Jeremiah 37
1 Zedekiah son of Josiah was made king of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; he reigned in place of Jehoiachin {1 Hebrew <Coniah,> a variant of <Jehoiachin>} son of Jehoiakim.
2 Neither he nor his attendants nor the people of the land paid any attention to the words the LORD had spoken through Jeremiah the prophet.
3 King Zedekiah, however, sent Jehucal son of Shelemiah with the priest Zephaniah son of Maaseiah to Jeremiah the prophet with this message: "Please pray to the LORD our God for us."
4 Now Jeremiah was free to come and go among the people, for he had not yet been put in prison.
5 Pharaoh’s army had marched out of Egypt, and when the Babylonians {5 Or <Chaldeans>; also in verses 8, 9, 13 and 14} who were besieging Jerusalem heard the report about them, they withdrew from Jerusalem.
6 Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet:
7 "This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Tell the king of Judah, who sent you to inquire of me, ‘Pharaoh’s army, which has marched out to support you, will go back to its own land, to Egypt.
8 Then the Babylonians will return and attack this city; they will capture it and burn it down.’
9 "This is what the LORD says: Do not deceive yourselves, thinking, ‘The Babylonians will surely leave us.’ They will not!
10 Even if you were to defeat the entire Babylonian {10 Or <Chaldean>; also in verse 11} army that is attacking you and only wounded men were left in their tents, they would come out and burn this city down."
11 After the Babylonian army had withdrawn from Jerusalem because of Pharaoh’s army,
12 Jeremiah started to leave the city to go to the territory of Benjamin to get his share of the property among the people there.
13 But when he reached the Benjamin Gate, the captain of the guard, whose name was Irijah son of Shelemiah, the son of Hananiah, arrested him and said, "You are deserting to the Babylonians!"
14 "That’s not true!" Jeremiah said. "I am not deserting to the Babylonians." But Irijah would not listen to him; instead, he arrested Jeremiah and brought him to the officials.
15 They were angry with Jeremiah and had him beaten and imprisoned in the house of Jonathan the secretary, which they had made into a prison.
16 Jeremiah was put into a vaulted cell in a dungeon, where he remained a long time.
17 Then King Zedekiah sent for him and had him brought to the palace, where he asked him privately, "Is there any word from the LORD?" "Yes," Jeremiah replied, "you will be handed over to the king of Babylon."
18 Then Jeremiah said to King Zedekiah, "What crime have I committed against you or your officials or this people, that you have put me in prison?
19 Where are your prophets who prophesied to you, ‘The king of Babylon will not attack you or this land’?
20 But now, my lord the king, please listen. Let me bring my petition before you: Do not send me back to the house of Jonathan the secretary, or I will die there."
21 King Zedekiah then gave orders for Jeremiah to be placed in the courtyard of the guard and given bread from the street of the bakers each day until all the bread in the city was gone. So Jeremiah remained in the courtyard of the guard.

-- Jeremiah 38
1 Shephatiah son of Mattan, Gedaliah son of Pashhur, Jehucal {1 Hebrew <Jucal,> a variant of <Jehucal>} son of Shelemiah, and Pashhur son of Malkijah heard what Jeremiah was telling all the people when he said,
2 "This is what the LORD says: ‘Whoever stays in this city will die by the sword, famine or plague, but whoever goes over to the Babylonians {2 Or <Chaldeans>; also in verses 18, 19 and 23} will live. He will escape with his life; he will live.’
3 And this is what the LORD says: ‘This city will certainly be handed over to the army of the king of Babylon, who will capture it.’"
4 Then the officials said to the king, "This man should be put to death. He is discouraging the soldiers who are left in this city, as well as all the people, by the things he is saying to them. This man is not seeking the good of these people but their ruin."
5 "He is in your hands," King Zedekiah answered. "The king can do nothing to oppose you."
6 So they took Jeremiah and put him into the cistern of Malkijah, the king’s son, which was in the courtyard of the guard. They lowered Jeremiah by ropes into the cistern; it had no water in it, only mud, and Jeremiah sank down into the mud.
7 But Ebed-Melech, a Cushite, {7 Probably from the upper Nile region} an official {7 Or <a eunuch>} in the royal palace, heard that they had put Jeremiah into the cistern. While the king was sitting in the Benjamin Gate,
8 Ebed-Melech went out of the palace and said to him,
9 "My lord the king, these men have acted wickedly in all they have done to Jeremiah the prophet. They have thrown him into a cistern, where he will starve to death when there is no longer any bread in the city."
10 Then the king commanded Ebed-Melech the Cushite, "Take thirty men from here with you and lift Jeremiah the prophet out of the cistern before he dies."
11 So Ebed-Melech took the men with him and went to a room under the treasury in the palace. He took some old rags and worn-out clothes from there and let them down with ropes to Jeremiah in the cistern.
12 Ebed-Melech the Cushite said to Jeremiah, "Put these old rags and worn-out clothes under your arms to pad the ropes." Jeremiah did so,
13 and they pulled him up with the ropes and lifted him out of the cistern. And Jeremiah remained in the courtyard of the guard.
14 Then King Zedekiah sent for Jeremiah the prophet and had him brought to the third entrance to the temple of the LORD. "I am going to ask you something," the king said to Jeremiah. "Do not hide anything from me."
15 Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, "If I give you an answer, will you not kill me? Even if I did give you counsel, you would not listen to me."
16 But King Zedekiah swore this oath secretly to Jeremiah: "As surely as the LORD lives, who has given us breath, I will neither kill you nor hand you over to those who are seeking your life."
17 Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, "This is what the LORD God Almighty, the God of Israel, says: ‘If you surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, your life will be spared and this city will not be burned down; you and your family will live.
18 But if you will not surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, this city will be handed over to the Babylonians and they will burn it down; you yourself will not escape from their hands.’"
19 King Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, "I am afraid of the Jews who have gone over to the Babylonians, for the Babylonians may hand me over to them and they will mistreat me."
20 "They will not hand you over," Jeremiah replied. "Obey the LORD by doing what I tell you. Then it will go well with you, and your life will be spared.
21 But if you refuse to surrender, this is what the LORD has revealed to me:
22 All the women left in the palace of the king of Judah will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon. Those women will say to you: "‘They misled you and overcame you— those trusted friends of yours. Your feet are sunk in the mud; your friends have deserted you.’
23 "All your wives and children will be brought out to the Babylonians. You yourself will not escape from their hands but will be captured by the king of Babylon; and this city will {23 Or <and you will cause this city to>} be burned down."
24 Then Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, "Do not let anyone know about this conversation, or you may die.
25 If the officials hear that I talked with you, and they come to you and say, ‘Tell us what you said to the king and what the king said to you; do not hide it from us or we will kill you,’
26 then tell them, ‘I was pleading with the king not to send me back to Jonathan’s house to die there.’"
27 All the officials did come to Jeremiah and question him, and he told them everything the king had ordered him to say. So they said no more to him, for no one had heard his conversation with the king.
28 And Jeremiah remained in the courtyard of the guard until the day Jerusalem was captured.

-- Jeremiah 39
1 This is how Jerusalem was taken: In the ninth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon marched against Jerusalem with his whole army and laid siege to it.
2 And on the ninth day of the fourth month of Zedekiah’s eleventh year, the city wall was broken through.
3 Then all the officials of the king of Babylon came and took seats in the Middle Gate: Nergal-Sharezer of Samgar, Nebo-Sarsekim {3 Or <Nergal-Sharezer, Samgar-Nebo, Sarsekim>} a chief officer, Nergal-Sharezer a high official and all the other officials of the king of Babylon.
4 When Zedekiah king of Judah and all the soldiers saw them, they fled; they left the city at night by way of the king’s garden, through the gate between the two walls, and headed toward the Arabah. {4 Or <the Jordan Valley>}
5 But the Babylonian {5 Or <Chaldean>} army pursued them and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho. They captured him and took him to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon at Riblah in the land of Hamath, where he pronounced sentence on him.
6 There at Riblah the king of Babylon slaughtered the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes and also killed all the nobles of Judah.
7 Then he put out Zedekiah’s eyes and bound him with bronze shackles to take him to Babylon.
8 The Babylonians {8 Or <Chaldeans>} set fire to the royal palace and the houses of the people and broke down the walls of Jerusalem.
9 Nebuzaradan commander of the imperial guard carried into exile to Babylon the people who remained in the city, along with those who had gone over to him, and the rest of the people.
10 But Nebuzaradan the commander of the guard left behind in the land of Judah some of the poor people, who owned nothing; and at that time he gave them vineyards and fields.
11 Now Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had given these orders about Jeremiah through Nebuzaradan commander of the imperial guard:
12 "Take him and look after him; don’t harm him but do for him whatever he asks."
13 So Nebuzaradan the commander of the guard, Nebushazban a chief officer, Nergal-Sharezer a high official and all the other officers of the king of Babylon
14 sent and had Jeremiah taken out of the courtyard of the guard. They turned him over to Gedaliah son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, to take him back to his home. So he remained among his own people.
15 While Jeremiah had been confined in the courtyard of the guard, the word of the LORD came to him:
16 "Go and tell Ebed-Melech the Cushite, ‘This is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says: I am about to fulfill my words against this city through disaster, not prosperity. At that time they will be fulfilled before your eyes.
17 But I will rescue you on that day, declares the LORD; you will not be handed over to those you fear.
18 I will save you; you will not fall by the sword but will escape with your life, because you trust in me, declares the LORD.’"